One of the most important themes Benjamin explores is the relationship between technology and artistic production, specifically how technology changes not only the form of an artwork but the way that the public engages with art. To do so, Benjamin analyzes the history of modes of production of art and establishes his own criteria for analysis of art which he describes as “aura” (222).

Benjamin contrasts man-made reproduction techniques with those done by mechanical processes. He begins with a discussion of early man-made reproduction techniques, such as the ancient Greeks who used “founding and stamping” (218) and “engraving and etching” in the Middle Ages (219). In contrast, he notes that photography and moving pictures can be created with minimal effort. This technology ushers in a whole new age of artistic production. Benjamin seeks to analyze the effects of these technological advances have had on society.

The framework that Benjamin uses to complete this analysis is that of authenticity and aura. He describes how that which makes a work of art “authentic” (243) is its connection to its “unique existence” in time and space (220). For example, “chemical analyses” of a bronze help scientists identify exactly where and when it was made (220).