In The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, John J. Mearsheimer constructs a narrative around the inherently anarchic structure of the international system. This anarchy, emerging from the lack of a global overlord, compels states—especially the mightiest ones—to maneuver through a landscape devoid of a central guiding force. Mearsheimer’s exploration into this theme lays the groundwork for understanding his viewpoint on international dynamics, where survival and security are the ultimate stakes in a high-risk global game.

Mearsheimer’s central thesis suggests that in a world lacking a singular overarching order, states are left to their own devices for security. This absence of a global sheriff pushes states towards a self-reliant mindset. Power, and its strategic deployment, becomes the chief currency in the realm of international politics. Mearsheimer illustrates how this unyielding quest for power often underpins foreign policy maneuvers, alliances, and conflicts.

This power-centric approach among states, particularly the great powers, leads to an environment of ceaseless competition. States not only aim to amplify their power but also to prevent others from gaining a relative upper hand. Mearsheimer uses historical anecdotes to showcase how power dynamics have historically led to conflicts and wars.