Staring at the Sun

Staring at the Sun (1986), a novel by British author Julian Barnes, narrates the life of Jean Serjeant, from her 1920s childhood to her 100th birthday in the year 2021. Jean’s life is unremarkable, but her ability to maintain a sense of imaginative wonder and inquiry invigorates everything she does, from her dull marriage to her sightseeing abroad. Reviewers found Staring at the Sun, Barnes’s fourth novel, “wonderfully imagined” (Publishers’ Weekly), although some noted that its brevity and discursive digressions make it “[n]ot truly a novel, then—nor satisfying as one” (Kirkus Reviews).

The novel opens during the Battle of Britain, as RAF pilot Sgt. Thomas Prosser descends to his base in England. As he does so, the sun appears to set and then rise again, “the same sun coming up from the same place across the same sea.”

When he reports this, Prosser—a brave pilot who has flown a number of dangerous combat missions—is declared to have cracked under stress and is grounded. He also earns the nickname “Sun-up.” He is sent to stay with a near-by family, the Serjeants, where he enraptures 20-year-old Jean Serjeant with stories of flying and combat. He tells her about the “ordinary miracle” of the sun rising twice, and she asks him how he could look at the sun. “Sun-Up” shows her how to look at the sun through her narrowly parted fingers.



Sun-Up reminds Jean of her beloved Uncle Leslie, who fled to America at the outbreak of the war. Uncle Leslie used to take her golfing and amuse her with riddling questions and tricks. One of these—“Why is the mink so tenacious of life?”—recurs to Jean throughout the novel.

Jean and Sun-Up share the same kind of imaginative intimacy as Jean shared with her uncle, and Jean hopes they might marry, but Sun-Up returns to combat and is killed as he flies into the sun. Before the War is over, Jean is married to the village policeman, Michael, a naive and childlike man. By the end of her honeymoon and her disappointing first sexual experience, Jean is thoroughly disenchanted with him. Although Michael consults doctors and purchases a manual, sex remains a chore for Jean, “just part of running the house.” The whole of life becomes one endless chore.

The narrative skips forward to Jean’s fortieth year, when she becomes pregnant for the first time and gives birth to her son, Gregory. While he is still a baby, Jean decides to declare herself and him an “autonomous republic,” and she leaves Michael. Seeking re-enchantment, Jean decides to travel to each of the Seven Wonders of the World, and for a while, the novel becomes a travel narrative, as naive and provincial Jean observes the remarkable customs of the Chinese, the Egyptians, and other foreign cultures. The wonder of flying remains a constant motif. At the Grand Canyon, she sees an airplane “flying beneath the surface of the earth.”



On her return to England, Jean strikes up a friendship with Rachel, a radical feminist activist who shows Jean that her disastrous marriage to Michael was shaped by oppressive “male truths.” Their relationship borders on becoming a lesbian affair, before Rachel finally gives up, deciding that Jean is incapable of lesbianism.

Jean visits Sun-Up Prosser’s widow and realizes that she never entered into her husband’s imaginative life, just as Michael never entered into hers. She tracks down Uncle Leslie, only to find that the now very old man has become foolish, and not a little seedy. The middle section of the novel closes with his death.

The novel’s final section jumps ahead to the year 2021. Jean is about to turn 100. The world has been transformed by computer technology that allows people to seek answers to all their questions. Jean’s son, Gregory, now in his forties and dissatisfied with his career as a life insurance agent, spends much of his time interrogating his computer about the meaning of life. We recognize that he seems to be seeking justification for suicide, as he jousts with the computer about topics such as the existence or otherwise of God. Meanwhile, Jean feeds the computer the riddles she inherited from Uncle Leslie, to which the computer replies: “NOT REAL QUESTION.”



Ultimately, Jean is able to give Gregory the answers he is looking for, as Barnes sets out the faith-position toward which the whole novel has been tending. Death is “absolute,” religion “nonsense,” and suicide “not permissible.” The world is all there is, and it deserves to be wondered at.

On Jean’s 100th birthday, she and Gregory board a plane to fly towards the sun. Jean teaches Gregory the method for looking directly at the sun taught to her by the long-dead pilot Sun-Up Prosser.