Plutarch begins by describing Solon’s family and their background. Solon comes from a very important Athenian family that traces its descent from Codrus, the last king of Athens. Early in life, Solon travels widely, either to advance his learning or to earn money through trade for his family, who have fallen on hard times. During his early travels, Solon studies philosophy and writes poetry. He also becomes acquainted with the philosophers Anacharsis and Thales. In one anecdote, Thales tries to convince Solon that it is best not to marry and have children by tricking Solon into thinking that his son has died. Thales then notes Solon’s grief, saying that that is the reason he does not have children.

Solon eventually returns to Athens and begins his political career. He helps the Athenians win Salamis from Megara—there are different accounts of how he achieved this. However, there is still a lot of sedition in Athens. Some of this is due to the rebellion of a man named Cylon, who tried to overthrow the state when Solon was still a boy. Athens’ economy is also in a bad state because debt slavery has become very common, with poorer people often selling themselves into enslavement to pay back their loans.