Throughout the text, Mandela discusses several other organizations and political parties besides the ANC. What was the ANC’s relationship to these various parties and organizations? What prompted the ANC to stand in solidarity with or opposition to them? What were the distinctions between the ANC and these various organizations? What were their convergences? What do these relationships indicate about the ANC’s strategies? How do these relationships tie into the themes of Mass Mobilization and Unity and Shifts in Strategies and Tactics?

Teaching Suggestion: Key groups to consider here include (but are not limited to) the Liberal Party and the Communist Party. It may be helpful for students to research the three phases of ANC resistance prior to the discussion. This will help them better articulate how the ANC's political relationships reflected Mass Mobilization and Shifts in Strategy.

Differentiation Suggestion: Students who would benefit from approaching the discussion in a more scaffolded way might complete a graphic organizer like the one below (adding rows as needed) to orient themselves on the various organizations and parties that Mandela discusses.

Group Name:

Similarities to ANC:

Differences to ANC: