Genesis

A 1990 Washington Post review of Wallace Stegner’s Collected Stories praises his long short story “Genesis” as “surely one of the finest stories of a cowboy’s life ever written by anyone.” There are no shoot-outs, sheriffs, saloons, or steely-eyed gunslingers in this narrative, which first appeared as the fictional hub of Stegner’s 1962 memoir-history mash-up, Wolf Willow. Determined to deconstruct the cowboy mythos and its veneration of rugged individualism, Stegner created counter-narratives that endorse cooperation and compassion. In “Genesis,” young Englishman Lionel “Rusty” Cullen arrives at a cattle ranch in Saskatchewan in the fall of 1906, eager to prove himself an “invincibly strong, […] self-reliant” cowboy. His ten-day odyssey across blizzard-ravaged plains shatters his illusions about cowboy life and reforms his idea of heroism.

Against his family’s advice and wishes, nineteen-year-old Rusty Cullen leaves England to fulfill his dream of becoming an American cowboy. During the train ride west, Rusty writes in his journal that he expects to soon fill its “pages with cowboys and Indians and […] the adventures and observations of a well-educated young gentleman in” the Wild West. Moreover, he fancies himself a “greenhorn” destined to undergo “a test of some sort” that will establish his manhood – or “cowboyhood, manhood in Saskatchewan terms.”

As the winter of 1906 approaches, cattle ranches in lower Saskatchewan are short-handed, so Rusty quickly finds a job at the T-Down Bar ranch near Cypress Hills. His ‘adventure,’ as he considers it, involves the roundup for winter sheltering of cattle that spent the milder seasons grazing on the open prairie. Along with the ranch foreman, Ray Henry, Rusty joins a small assortment of other cowhands and itinerant laborers: Ed Spurlock, Slippers, Little Horn, Buck, Panguingue, the old cook named Jesse, and the “wolfer” Schultz together with his semi-wild son. The ranch owner, like most owners, is absent, living “off in Aberdeen or Toronto or Calgary.”



Without delay, the motley company sets out on horseback for the range, and Rusty romantically thinks they must look like a “medieval procession […] bound for adventure.” However, they soon get signs that cruelly harsh weather is in the works. A group of cowhands from another ranch, returning from their roundup, inform the T-Down men that they saw muskrat houses six feet high “and when the rats build high, you could depend on a hard winter.”

The T-Down crew continues to the first stage of the roundup, which entails tracking down the cattle and herding them to Horse Camp Coulee, a feeding station. From there, the men must drive the cattle back to the ranch. During the first week out, Rusty’s pony throws him and he is almost trampled as the first cattle run gets underway.

Despite these humiliations, Rusty is still beguiled by the cowboy myths that fill his head. He admires the wolfer, Schultz, who represents strength, independence, and violence in his tireless quest to exterminate the wolves that prey on cattle. Even Schultz’s son, nameless and incoherent, spurs Rusty’s envy as he imagines the boy’s childhood crowded with campfires, wild animals, and the “habit of casual killing.” Jesse the cook disabuses Rusty of his fanciful notions, however, when he insinuates that wolfers practice cannibalism.



Winter strikes early and fiercely. Rusty’s cowboy adventure turns into a “procession of trials: icy nights, days when a bitter wind lashed and stung the face,” forcing him to ride “with eyes closed to slits.” While the hostile weather will prove to be the men’s true adversary, Rusty’s dime-store-novel ideas of the Wild West persuade him to regard cowhand Ed Spurlock as his nemesis. “Wearing black gloves and black guns like a villain” in a classic Western tale, Spurlock looks the part of the “badman” Rusty must trounce to become a hero. What’s more, Spurlock behaves antagonistically toward Rusty, calling him a “fawncy” fellow who plays at being a cowboy but hasn’t got the mettle for it.

Having collected the cattle, the T-Down crew drives them toward Horse Camp, but ten miles from their destination, a blizzard blindsides them. The men shelter in their tent, while the cattle disperse once again. After the storm, they round up three hundred cows and run the herd to Horse Camp.

Another brutal blizzard hits the next day. The tent is no match for this powerful siege of winter winds. With no shelter and no fire, the men are doomed, so foreman Ray Henry decides to abort the round-up mission. After releasing the cattle to their own devices, the men tie themselves to one another by means of a lariat hitched to a wagon, which they follow six miles through the blinding snow to the nearest outpost of civilization.



Rusty and his nemesis, Spurlock, are tied side-by-side on the lariat. They scuffle, and Spurlock stumbles a few times. Then, just several yards short of the outpost, he collapses. Rusty is inclined to abandon Spurlock, but Ray Henry orders Rusty to help him. With Panguingue’s assistance, Rusty delivers Spurlock to safety in a nearby cabin.

This cooperative effort to save the life of a fellow being transforms Rusty’s notions of heroism. In this “heartless and inhuman” territory, survival depends not on single-handed “heroic deeds,” but on banding together to collectively help each other. As Rusty sits in the cabin beside the other men, “he did not think he would ever want to do anything alone again, not in this country. Even a trip to the privy was something a man might want to take in company.”

Wallace Stegner’s son Page summed up “Genesis” as “a narrative of rugged individualism subsumed by and sublimated to the need of cooperative enterprise, and this […] is what the demythologized West was absolutely all about.” In Stegner’s view, “individualism gone rampant” threatened the well-being of society and the environment and should be restrained by a sense of social responsibility. Stegner received numerous awards over the course of his writing career, including a Pulitzer Prize in 1972 and, in 1977, the National Book Award. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize.